34,333
edits
Changes
New page: In order try out Ubuntu you first need to obtain it. By far the best way to obtain Ubuntu is to download it from the Ubuntu web site, though it is also possible to purchase a CDROM contain...
In order try out Ubuntu you first need to obtain it. By far the best way to obtain Ubuntu is to download it from the Ubuntu web site, though it is also possible to purchase a CDROM containing Ubuntu if downloading is not a viable option.
There are, however, a number of options to consider in terms of the best download for your needs.
== Ubuntu Download Options ==
A variety of download of options are provided on the Ubuntu web site which is accessible at [http://www.ubuntu.com http://www.ubuntu.com]. Ubuntu is provided in Desktop, Netbook and Server editions:
* '''Desktop Edition''' – Intended for desktop and full size laptop computer systems. Includes graphical desktop environments and applications needed by a typical computer user.
* '''Netbook Edition''' – Optimized for the smaller screens and reduced capacity of netbook computers.
* '''Server Edition''' – Optimized for enterprise level server deployment. Contains only those packages that are essential for server systems allowing high performance with minimal complexity and resource usage.
Though this book will cover aspects of Ubuntu that are common to all three editions of the operating system, the main focus will be on Ubuntu Desktop Edition.
The next choice involves a decision about the architecture of the operating system. This can take the form of either a 32-bit or 64-bit version of Ubuntu. If your computer contains a 32-bit processor then you must use the 32-bit edition of Ubuntu. Alternatively, if you have a 64-bit processor you can use either the 32-bit or 64-bit version of Ubuntu, though for general use, Canonical recommends the 32-bit system for both 32-bit and 64-bit hardware.
Another option is also provided to use the Ubuntu Windows Installer to install Ubuntu alongside an existing Windows installation. Details of this installation process are covered later in this chapter and in the chapter entitled [[Installing Ubuntu on a Windows Disk with Wubi]].
Having made an appropriate architecture choice the download may be initiated by clicking on the Start download button. The download will take the form of a single ISO image file which may then be burned onto a CDROM, written to a USB flash drive, or used as an image for a virtual machine.
Check the documentation for your preferred CD writing software or current operating system for steps on how to write an ISO image file to a CD if you do not already know how to do this.
== Writing the Ubuntu Image to a USB Flash Drive ==
As previously mentioned an alternative to booting from a CDROM is to write the Ubuntu image to a USB flash drive and then boot from that. This has the advantage that Ubuntu will boot and run in live mode much faster from a USB flash drive than from a CDROM drive.
In order to write the Ubuntu image to a USB drive, the Pendrive Linux Universal USB Installer is required. This tool is currently only available for Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7 and can be downloaded from the Pendrive Linux web site at:
[http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/]
Once the installer has been downloaded and launched, and the license agreement accepted, the main screen should appear. From within this window, select the version of Ubuntu from the drop down menu that matches the image previously downloaded:
[[Image:ubuntu_10_usb_installer.jpg|The Pendrive Linux Installer]]
After selecting the Ubuntu distribution, use the Browse button to navigate to the location of the Ubuntu ISO image. Insert a USB flash drive (at least 2GB is recommended) into a spare USB port of the computer and then select the corresponding drive letter from the menu located in Step 3.
Clicking the Create button will begin the process of writing the image to the USB drive.
Once the Ubuntu ISO image is either burned to a CDROM or written to a flash drive it is time to move on to the next step.
== Try Ubuntu without Installing it ==
There is a good chance you already own a PC which is probably running Microsoft Windows. If this is the case and you are new to Linux then there is a good chance you don't want to install Ubuntu until you've had a chance to try it out for a few hours, days or weeks. If you'd like to try Ubuntu without having to install you can easily do so. The Ubuntu image you now (hopefully) have in your possession is able to run as a Live Image. This essentially means that the operating system can be run from a CD or USB flash drive without having to be installed on your hard disk drive.
To run Ubuntu from the CD/USB flash simply insert the CD or flash drive into your computer and reboot your system. If your system reboots once again as Windows then it is likely you will need to change the boot order in your system BIOS. To achieve this, restart your system and watch closely as the system boots. Early in the boot process the BIOS will display instructions to enter BIOS Setup (which often, but not always, involves pressing DEL or a function key). Press whichever key you are instructed to press and you should find yourself in the BIOS setup menu. Find the setting for the boot sequence, and if it shows your hard disk as being the first device to boot from, change this so that either your CD/DVD drive or USB device appears as the first device in the boot order. Note that the BIOS in some older systems do not support booting from a USB device.
Select the "Save and Exit" option from the BIOS main menu and allow the system to boot. As long as the Ubuntu CD or USB drive is still inserted, you should find that Ubuntu boots instead of Windows. Once loaded, Ubuntu will provide the option to try out Ubuntu without installing, or to perform an installation to a hard drive:
[[Image:ubuntu_10_try_or_install|The Ubuntu 10.10 Try or Install Screen]]
In order to try Ubuntu without installing, click on the Try Ubuntu button. The live Ubuntu image will subsequently load and display the GNOME desktop environment ready for use:
[[Image:ubuntu_10_live_desktop.jpg|The Ubuntu 10.10 Live Desktop]]
There are a few minor downsides to using the live image. The first is that performance will be slow if using a CDROM. This is because Ubuntu needs to load software from the CD drive which is orders of magnitude slower than a hard disk drive (though the USB flash drive option should be fast). Secondly, any files you may create or any changes you make to the system during a live session will be lost when the system shuts down or reboots. One advantage of this, however, is that you also can't break anything, so feel free to experiment as much as you like.
== Installing Ubuntu on a Disk Drive Containing Microsoft Windows ==
If you already have Windows installed on your PC you can install Ubuntu onto the same disk drive and boot from either operating system (a configuration known as dual booting). During the installation process Ubuntu will resize the Windows partition on your hard disk to make room for the Ubuntu installation (you will be asked how much of your disk drive you wish to use for Linux) and set up a special boot manager that will allow you to choose whether to boot Linux or Windows each time you power up your system.
All of this is non-destructive, in that your Windows partition and all the applications and data therein will be kept intact. All that will happen is that the Windows part of the disk will be smaller than it was originally.
Another useful feature of a Windows/Ubuntu dual-boot configuration is that your Windows logical drives (C:, D: etc) will be accessible from Ubuntu, so you will be able to access your Windows data files from Linux. This means, for example, that you will be able to access your Microsoft Word and Excel files using the Linux version of OpenOffice included with Ubuntu.
For detailed steps on creating a Windows/Ubuntu dual boot environment see [[Installing Ubuntu on a Windows System (Dual booting)]].
== Installing Ubuntu Inside a Windows Installation ==
A relatively recent development in the world of Ubuntu provides the ability to install Ubuntu onto the file system of an existing Windows installation. This is similar to the dual booting approach outlined above with the exception that the hard disk does not need to be repartitioned to create Linux partitions for the Ubuntu installation. Instead, all the files which make up Ubuntu are installed in a new folder on the Windows disk just like any other files. All that is required is enough disk space on a Windows disk drive to accommodate the Ubuntu installation (around 8GB is recommended).
This type of installation is achieved using technology called the Ubuntu Windows Installer, or Wubi for short. The process involves downloading and running the Wubi installation executable, selecting a target disk drive, providing a user name and password for accessing the Ubuntu installation and clicking an Install button. Wubi will then download the Ubuntu distribution and perform the installation into a folder on the chosen Windows disk drive. When the system is subsequently rebooted, the user is given the option to boot either Windows or Ubuntu.
Refer to [[Installing Ubuntu on a Windows Disk with Wubi]] for more details on this installation option.
== Running Ubuntu in a Virtual Machine ==
If you need to keep your Windows or other environment and want to run Ubuntu concurrently with your current operating system, Ubuntu may also be run within a virtual machine. A number of free virtualization technologies are available for this purpose such as VirtualBox and VMware Server.
== Performing a Clean Ubuntu Installation ==
If you are installing Ubuntu on a clean hard disk drive, or plan to overwrite the Windows or other operating system installation on the drive then installing Ubuntu is straightforward. Simply follow the steps in [[Performing a Clean Ubuntu Installation]] to install Ubuntu on the entire disk drive.
There are, however, a number of options to consider in terms of the best download for your needs.
== Ubuntu Download Options ==
A variety of download of options are provided on the Ubuntu web site which is accessible at [http://www.ubuntu.com http://www.ubuntu.com]. Ubuntu is provided in Desktop, Netbook and Server editions:
* '''Desktop Edition''' – Intended for desktop and full size laptop computer systems. Includes graphical desktop environments and applications needed by a typical computer user.
* '''Netbook Edition''' – Optimized for the smaller screens and reduced capacity of netbook computers.
* '''Server Edition''' – Optimized for enterprise level server deployment. Contains only those packages that are essential for server systems allowing high performance with minimal complexity and resource usage.
Though this book will cover aspects of Ubuntu that are common to all three editions of the operating system, the main focus will be on Ubuntu Desktop Edition.
The next choice involves a decision about the architecture of the operating system. This can take the form of either a 32-bit or 64-bit version of Ubuntu. If your computer contains a 32-bit processor then you must use the 32-bit edition of Ubuntu. Alternatively, if you have a 64-bit processor you can use either the 32-bit or 64-bit version of Ubuntu, though for general use, Canonical recommends the 32-bit system for both 32-bit and 64-bit hardware.
Another option is also provided to use the Ubuntu Windows Installer to install Ubuntu alongside an existing Windows installation. Details of this installation process are covered later in this chapter and in the chapter entitled [[Installing Ubuntu on a Windows Disk with Wubi]].
Having made an appropriate architecture choice the download may be initiated by clicking on the Start download button. The download will take the form of a single ISO image file which may then be burned onto a CDROM, written to a USB flash drive, or used as an image for a virtual machine.
Check the documentation for your preferred CD writing software or current operating system for steps on how to write an ISO image file to a CD if you do not already know how to do this.
== Writing the Ubuntu Image to a USB Flash Drive ==
As previously mentioned an alternative to booting from a CDROM is to write the Ubuntu image to a USB flash drive and then boot from that. This has the advantage that Ubuntu will boot and run in live mode much faster from a USB flash drive than from a CDROM drive.
In order to write the Ubuntu image to a USB drive, the Pendrive Linux Universal USB Installer is required. This tool is currently only available for Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7 and can be downloaded from the Pendrive Linux web site at:
[http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/]
Once the installer has been downloaded and launched, and the license agreement accepted, the main screen should appear. From within this window, select the version of Ubuntu from the drop down menu that matches the image previously downloaded:
[[Image:ubuntu_10_usb_installer.jpg|The Pendrive Linux Installer]]
After selecting the Ubuntu distribution, use the Browse button to navigate to the location of the Ubuntu ISO image. Insert a USB flash drive (at least 2GB is recommended) into a spare USB port of the computer and then select the corresponding drive letter from the menu located in Step 3.
Clicking the Create button will begin the process of writing the image to the USB drive.
Once the Ubuntu ISO image is either burned to a CDROM or written to a flash drive it is time to move on to the next step.
== Try Ubuntu without Installing it ==
There is a good chance you already own a PC which is probably running Microsoft Windows. If this is the case and you are new to Linux then there is a good chance you don't want to install Ubuntu until you've had a chance to try it out for a few hours, days or weeks. If you'd like to try Ubuntu without having to install you can easily do so. The Ubuntu image you now (hopefully) have in your possession is able to run as a Live Image. This essentially means that the operating system can be run from a CD or USB flash drive without having to be installed on your hard disk drive.
To run Ubuntu from the CD/USB flash simply insert the CD or flash drive into your computer and reboot your system. If your system reboots once again as Windows then it is likely you will need to change the boot order in your system BIOS. To achieve this, restart your system and watch closely as the system boots. Early in the boot process the BIOS will display instructions to enter BIOS Setup (which often, but not always, involves pressing DEL or a function key). Press whichever key you are instructed to press and you should find yourself in the BIOS setup menu. Find the setting for the boot sequence, and if it shows your hard disk as being the first device to boot from, change this so that either your CD/DVD drive or USB device appears as the first device in the boot order. Note that the BIOS in some older systems do not support booting from a USB device.
Select the "Save and Exit" option from the BIOS main menu and allow the system to boot. As long as the Ubuntu CD or USB drive is still inserted, you should find that Ubuntu boots instead of Windows. Once loaded, Ubuntu will provide the option to try out Ubuntu without installing, or to perform an installation to a hard drive:
[[Image:ubuntu_10_try_or_install|The Ubuntu 10.10 Try or Install Screen]]
In order to try Ubuntu without installing, click on the Try Ubuntu button. The live Ubuntu image will subsequently load and display the GNOME desktop environment ready for use:
[[Image:ubuntu_10_live_desktop.jpg|The Ubuntu 10.10 Live Desktop]]
There are a few minor downsides to using the live image. The first is that performance will be slow if using a CDROM. This is because Ubuntu needs to load software from the CD drive which is orders of magnitude slower than a hard disk drive (though the USB flash drive option should be fast). Secondly, any files you may create or any changes you make to the system during a live session will be lost when the system shuts down or reboots. One advantage of this, however, is that you also can't break anything, so feel free to experiment as much as you like.
== Installing Ubuntu on a Disk Drive Containing Microsoft Windows ==
If you already have Windows installed on your PC you can install Ubuntu onto the same disk drive and boot from either operating system (a configuration known as dual booting). During the installation process Ubuntu will resize the Windows partition on your hard disk to make room for the Ubuntu installation (you will be asked how much of your disk drive you wish to use for Linux) and set up a special boot manager that will allow you to choose whether to boot Linux or Windows each time you power up your system.
All of this is non-destructive, in that your Windows partition and all the applications and data therein will be kept intact. All that will happen is that the Windows part of the disk will be smaller than it was originally.
Another useful feature of a Windows/Ubuntu dual-boot configuration is that your Windows logical drives (C:, D: etc) will be accessible from Ubuntu, so you will be able to access your Windows data files from Linux. This means, for example, that you will be able to access your Microsoft Word and Excel files using the Linux version of OpenOffice included with Ubuntu.
For detailed steps on creating a Windows/Ubuntu dual boot environment see [[Installing Ubuntu on a Windows System (Dual booting)]].
== Installing Ubuntu Inside a Windows Installation ==
A relatively recent development in the world of Ubuntu provides the ability to install Ubuntu onto the file system of an existing Windows installation. This is similar to the dual booting approach outlined above with the exception that the hard disk does not need to be repartitioned to create Linux partitions for the Ubuntu installation. Instead, all the files which make up Ubuntu are installed in a new folder on the Windows disk just like any other files. All that is required is enough disk space on a Windows disk drive to accommodate the Ubuntu installation (around 8GB is recommended).
This type of installation is achieved using technology called the Ubuntu Windows Installer, or Wubi for short. The process involves downloading and running the Wubi installation executable, selecting a target disk drive, providing a user name and password for accessing the Ubuntu installation and clicking an Install button. Wubi will then download the Ubuntu distribution and perform the installation into a folder on the chosen Windows disk drive. When the system is subsequently rebooted, the user is given the option to boot either Windows or Ubuntu.
Refer to [[Installing Ubuntu on a Windows Disk with Wubi]] for more details on this installation option.
== Running Ubuntu in a Virtual Machine ==
If you need to keep your Windows or other environment and want to run Ubuntu concurrently with your current operating system, Ubuntu may also be run within a virtual machine. A number of free virtualization technologies are available for this purpose such as VirtualBox and VMware Server.
== Performing a Clean Ubuntu Installation ==
If you are installing Ubuntu on a clean hard disk drive, or plan to overwrite the Windows or other operating system installation on the drive then installing Ubuntu is straightforward. Simply follow the steps in [[Performing a Clean Ubuntu Installation]] to install Ubuntu on the entire disk drive.
