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→Configuring Scopes Using the DHCP Console
In the above command syntax, ''serverID'' is replaced by the IP address or full UNC name of system on which the DHCP server is installed.
== Understanding DHCP Scope Types ==
DHCP scopes are used to define ranges of addresses from which a DHCP server can assign IP addresses to clients. Scopes fall into Normal, Multicast and Superscope categories as follows:
'''Normal Scope''' - Allows A, B and C Class IP address ranges to be specified including subnet masks, exclusions and reservations. Each normal scope defined must exist within its own subnet.
'''Multicast Scope''' - Used to assign IP address ranges for Class D networks.Multicast scopes do not have subnet masks, reservation or other TCP/IP options. Multicast scope address ranges require that a Time To Live (TTL) value be specified (essentially the number of routers a packet can pass through on the way to its destination).
'''Superscope''' - Essentially a collection of scopes grouped together such that they can be enabled and disabled as a single entity.
== Configuring Scopes Using the DHCP Console ==
New scopes on Windows Server 2008 can either be configured from the graphical DHCP console, or from the command prompt using the '''netsh''' utility. To create a new scope in the DHCP console (launched from ''Start -> All Programs -> Administrative Tools -> DHCP'') click on the server name in left hand panel so that IPv4 and IPv6 categories are listed in the main panel. Right click on the required IP version and select ''New scope'' from the menu top invoke the ''New Scope Wizard''. Click on ''Next'' to skip the welcome screen so that the ''Scope Name'' dialog is displayed:
[[Image:windows_server_2008_dhcp_scope_name.jpg|DHCP Scope Name configuration screen]]
Enter a suitable name and description for the scope and press ''Next'' to proceed to the ''IP Address Range'' screen. In this screen, enter the start and end addresses of the IP address scope followed by the subnet mask, either in terms of bit length or in IP format (for example 255.255.255.0 or 24 bits). Note that when the start and end addresses are entered the subnet mask fields are filled in automatically, but may be changed manually if required:
[[Image:windows_server_2008_dhcp_address_scope.jpg|DHCP Scope IP address range]]
If the address range specified encompasses multiple subnets (for example 192.168.2.1 through to 192.168.3.254) the wizard will warn that the designated range is too large for a single scope and provide the option to create a superscope made up of a number of different scopes depending on how many subnets are contained within the range.
Assuming that all addresses in the scope range are on the same subnet, the wizard will provide the option to specify exclusions within the scope. An exclusion is essential a range of one or more IP addresses within the defined scope which are to be excluded from the scope, and therefore not available for assignment to clients.