Hiding and Showing Forms in C Sharp
When developing a Windows application using C# it is a fairly safe bet to assume that it will consist of multiple forms (otherwise known as windows). It is unlikely, however, that all of those forms will need to be displayed as soon as the application starts up. In fact, it is more likely that most of the forms will remain hidden until the user performs some action that requires a form to be displayed.
In this chapter we will cover the topic of hiding and showing forms when developing applications in C#.
Creating a C# Application Containing Multiple Forms
Before we can look at hiding and showing Forms we first need to create an application in Visual Studio which contains more than one form. Begin by starting Visual Studio and creating a new Windows Form Application project called CSharpShowForm.
Visual Studio will prime the new project with a single form. Click on the Form to select it and, using the Properties panel change the Name of the form to mainForm. Next we need to add a second form. To do this, click on the Add New Item in the Visual Studio toolbar to invoke the Add New Item window:
The Add New Item window allows new items of various types to be added to the project. For this example we just need to add a new Windows Form to the our application. With Windows Form selected in the window change the name of the form to subForm,cs and click on Add. Visual Studio will now display an additional tab containing the second form:
Switch between the two forms by clicking on the respective tabs.
Now that you have created two forms, add a Button to each form by displaying the Toolbox and dragging a Button onto each form.
Now that we have created an application with two forms the next step is provide a mechanism for hiding and showing subForm. Before doing that, however, we first need to understand the difference between modal and non-modal windows.
Understanding Modal and Non-modal Forms
A Windows form can be displayed in one of two modes, modal and non-modal. When a form is non-modal it means that other forms in the other forms in the application remain accessible to the user (in that they can still click on controls or use the keyboard in other forms).
When a form is modal, as soon as it is displayed all other forms in the application are disabled until the modal dialog is dismissed by the user. Modal forms are typically used when the user is required to complete a task before proceeding to another part of the application. In the following sections we will cover the creation of both modal and non-modal forms in C#.
Writing C# Code to Display a Non-Modal Form
We are going to use the button control on mainForm to display subForm when it is clicked by the user. To do this double click on the button control to display the Click event procedure.
Before we can call any methods on the subForm we first need to instantiate it as an object. To do so we simply use the new statement to create a new object from the subForm class:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
subForm myNewForm = new subForm();
}
In this event procedure we want to call the Show() method of the myNewForm object we have instantiated from the subForm class to make it display. To achieve this, modify the Click event handler as follows:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
subForm myNewForm = new subForm();
myNewForm.Show();
}
}
To test this code press F5 to compile and run the application. When it appears click on the button in the main form and the sub form will appear. You will notice, since this is a non-modal form, that you can still interact with the main form while the sub-form is visible (i.e you can click on the button in the main form).
Close the running application.
Another way to hide and show a form is to set the Visible property of the form object to either true or false. For example:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
subForm myNewForm = new subForm();
myNewForm.Visible = true;
}
}
Hiding and Closing a Windows Form in C#
Now that we have displayed the form we now need a way to hide it. To achieve this we will add code to the Click event of the button contained in our subForm. Select the subForm.cs tab in Visual Studio and double click on the button in out form. Since we will be hiding the form in which the button is contained we simply call the Hide() method of the this object reference:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.Hide();
}
it is important to note at this point that we are only hiding the form we have created. This means that the object still exists in memory and as such is using system resources. To discard the form and release any resources assigned to it simply use the Close() method in place of the Hide() method in the event code:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.Close();
}
Writing C# Code to Display a Non-Modal Form
We will now modify the event procedure for the button to create a modal form. To do so we need to call the ShowDialog() method of the subForm. Modify the Click event procedure of the mainForm button as follows:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
subForm myNewForm = new subForm();
myNewForm.ShowDialog();
}
Press F5 once again to build and run the application. After pressing the button in the main form to display the sub form you will find that the main form is inactive as long as the sub form is displayed. Until the sub form is dismissed this will remain the case.
Close the running application.
Hiding Forms in C#
There are two ways to make a form disappear from the screen. One way is to Hide the form and the other is to Close the form. When a form is hidden, the form and all its properties and settings still exist in memory. In other words, the form still exists, it is just not visible. When an form is closed, the form is physically deleted from memory and will need to be completely recreated before it can be displayed again.
To hide a form it is necessary to call the Hide() method of the form to be hidden. Using our example, we will wire up the button on the subForm to close the form. Click on the tab for the second form (the subForm) in your design and double click on the button control to display the Click event procedure.
One very important point to note here is that the button control is going to hide its own Form. In this case, the event procedure can reference this instead of referencing the object by name. With this in mind, modify the procedure as follows:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.Hide();
}
Press F5 to build and run the application. Click on the button in the main form to display the sub form. Now, when you press the button in the sub form, the form will be hidden.
Closing Forms in C#
As mentioned in the previous section, in order to remove a form both from the display, and form memory, it is necessary to Close rather than Hide it. In Visual Studio double click, once again, the button in subForm to view the Click event procedure. Once again, because the button is in the form we are closing we need to use this instead of subForm when calling the Close() method:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.Close();
}
When the subForm button is pressed the form will be closed and removed from memory.
