Difference between revisions of "Displaying Ubuntu 11.04 Applications Remotely (X11 Forwarding)"

Latest revision as of 19:54, 27 October 2016

In the previous chapter (Remote Access to the Ubuntu 11.04 Unity Desktop) we looked at how to display the entire Ubuntu Unity desktop over the network and internet onto a remote computer or mobile device. Whilst this works well if you actually need to remotely display the entire desktop, it could be considered overkill if all you want to do is display a single application. In this chapter we will look at displaying individual applications on a remote system.

Requirements for Remotely Displaying Applications

In order to run an application on one Linux system, and have it display on another system there are a couple of pre-requisites. Firstly, the system on which the application is to be displayed must be running an X server. If the system is a UNIX, Linux or Mac OS X based system with a desktop running then this is no problem. If the system is running Windows, however, then you must install an X server on it before you can display applications from a remote system. A number of commercial and free Windows based X servers are available for this purpose and a web search should provide you with a list of options.

Secondly, the system on which the application is being run (as opposed to the system on which the application is to be displayed) must be configured to allow SSH access. Details on configuring SSH on an Ubuntu 11.04 system can be found in Configuring Ubuntu 11.04 Remote Access using SSH. Finally, SSH must be configured to allow X11 Forwarding. To verify this, load the /etc/ssh/ssh_config file into an editor and make sure that the following directive is set:

X11Forward yes

Once the above requirements are met it is time to remotely display an application.

Remotely Displaying an Ubuntu Application

The first step in remotely displaying an application is to move to the system where the application is to be displayed. At this system, connect with ssh into the remote system so that you have a command prompt. When using the ssh command we need to use the -X flag to tell ssh that we plan to tunnel X traffic through the tunnel:

ssh -X user@hostname

In the above command, username is the user name to use to log into the remote system and hostname is the hostname or IP address of the remote system. Enter your password at the login prompt. Once logged in, run the following command to see the DISPLAY setting:

echo $DISPLAY

The command should output something similar to the following:

localhost:10.0

To display an application simply run it from the command prompt. For example:

xclock

When run, the above command should run the xclock utility on the remote system, but display the output on the local system:

xclock&

Trusted X11 Forwarding

If the /etc/ssh/ssh_config file on the remote system contains the following line, then it is possible to use trusted X11 forwarding:

ForwardX11Trusted yes

Trusted X11 forwarding is slightly faster than untrusted since it does not engage the X11 security controls. The -Y flag is needed when using trusted X11 forwarding:

ssh -Y user@hostname

Compressed X11 Forwarding

When using slower links the X11 data can be compressed using the -C flag:

ssh -X -C user@hostname