View source for C Sharp Flow Control with if and else

<table border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="20%">[[C Sharp Operators and Expressions|Previous]]<td align="center">[[C Sharp Essentials|Table of Contents]]<td width="20%" align="right">[[The C Sharp switch Statement|Next]]</td>
<tr>
<td width="20%">C# Operators and Expressions<td align="center"><td width="20%" align="right">The C# switch Statement</td>
</table>
<hr>


<htmlet>csharp</htmlet>


In the chapter titled [[C Sharp Operators and Expressions|C# Operators and Expressions]] we looked at how to use logical expressions in C# to determine whether something is ''true'' or ''false''. Since programming is largely an exercise in applying logic, much of the art of programming involves writing code that makes decisions based on one or more criteria. Such decisions define which code gets executed and, conversely, which code gets by-passed when the program is executing. This is often referred to as ''flow control'' since it controls the ''flow'' of program execution.

In previous chapters the ''if'' statement has been used in some examples. In this chapter of [[C Sharp Essentials|C# Essentials]] we are going to look at ''if'' statements in a little more detail.

== Using the if Statement ==
<htmlet>adsdaqbox_flow</htmlet>
The ''if'' statement is perhaps the most basic of flow control options available to the C# programmer. Programmers who are familiar with C, C++ or Java will immediately be comfortable using C# ''if'' statements.

The basic syntax of C# ''if'' statement is as follows:

'''if''' (''boolean expression'')
{

// C# code to be performed when expression evaluates to true here

}

Essentially if the ''boolean expression'' evaluates to ''true'' (see [[C Sharp Operators and Expressions|C# Operators and Expressions]] for more details of this type of logic) then the code in the body of the statement is executed. The body of the statement is enclosed in braces ({}). If, on the other hand, the expression evaluates to ''false'' the code in the body of the statement is skipped.

For example, if a decision needs to be made depending on whether one value is greater than another:

<pre>
      int x = 10;

      if ( x > 9 )
      {
               System.Console.WriteLine ("x is greater than 9!");
      }
</pre>

Clearly, x is indeed greater than 9 causing the message to appear in the console window.

== Using if ... else .. Statements ==

The next variation of the ''if'' statement allows us to also specify some code to perform if the expression in the ''if'' statement evaluates to ''false''. The syntax for this construct is as follows:

'''if''' (''boolean expression'')
{

// Code to be executed if expression is true 

}
'''else'''
{

// Code to be executed if expression is false

}

Using the above syntax, we can now extend our previous example to display a different message if the comparison expression evaluates to be ''false'':

<pre>

      int x = 10;

      if ( x > 9 )
      {
               System.Console.WriteLine ("x is greater than 9!");
      }
      else
      {
               System.Console.WriteLine ("x is less than 9!");
      }

</pre>

In this case, the second WriteLine statement would execute if the value of x was less than 9.

== Using if ... else if .. Statements ==

So far we have looked at ''if'' statements which make decisions based on the result of a single logical expression. Sometimes it becomes necessary to make decisions based on a number of different criteria. For this purpose we can use the ''if ... else if ...'' construct, the syntax for which is as follows:

<pre>
                int x = 9;

                if (x == 10)
                {
                     System.Console.WriteLine ("x is 10");
                }
                else if (x == 9)
                {
                     System.Console.WriteLine ("x is 9");
                }
                else if (x == 8)
                {
                     System.Console.WriteLine ("x is 8");
                }
</pre>

This approach works well for a moderate number of comparisons, but can become cumbersome for a larger volume of expression evaluations. For such situations, the C# ''switch'' statement provides a more flexible and efficient solution. For more details on using the ''switch'' statement read the chapter entitled [[The C Sharp switch Statement|The C# switch Statement]].

== Summary ==

In this chapter we looked at the use of C# ''if'' statements including if, if ... else and if ... else if ... constructs. In the next chapter of this book we will look at using the C# switch statement as an alternative to more complex if statements.


<htmlet>csharp</htmlet>


<hr>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="20%">[[C Sharp Operators and Expressions|Previous]]<td align="center">[[C Sharp Essentials|Table of Contents]]<td width="20%" align="right">[[The C Sharp switch Statement|Next]]</td>
<tr>
<td width="20%">C# Operators and Expressions<td align="center"><td width="20%" align="right">The C# switch Statement</td>
</table>